The 1st United States Congress, consisting of the United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the lower house being the House of Representatives. The composition and powers of the Senate and the House are established in Article One of the U.S. Constitution . Each U.S state is represented by two senators, regardless of population. Senators serve staggered and the United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, commonly referred to as the "House," is the lower house of the bicameral United States Congress, the upper house being the United States Senate, met from March 4, 1789 to March 3, 1791, during the first two years of George Washington George Washington served as the first constitutional President of the United States from 1789 to 1797, and as the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783. His role in the revolution and subsequent independence and formation of the United States was significant, and is seen by Americans as the "'s presidency The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is one of only two nationally elected federal officers, the other being the Vice President of the United States, first at Federal Hall Federal Hall, located at 26 Wall Street in New York City, was the first capitol of the United States of America and the site of George Washington's inauguration as the first President of the United States on April 30, 1789. It is also the place where the United States Bill of Rights was passed. The original building was demolished in the at 26 Wall Street in New York City New York is the most populous city in the United States, and the center of the New York metropolitan area, which is one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. A leading global city, New York exerts a powerful influence over global commerce, finance, media, culture, art, fashion, research, education, and entertainment. As host of the and later at Congress Hall in Philadelphia Philadelphia is the largest city in Pennsylvania and the sixth-most-populous city in the United States. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, commonly referred to as the "House," is the lower house of the bicameral United States Congress, the upper house being the United States Senate was based on the provisions of Article I, Section 2, Clause 3 Article One of the United States Constitution describes the powers of Congress, the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States Constitution The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme law of the United States. It is the foundation and source of the legal authority underlying the existence of the United States of America and the federal government of the United States. It provides the framework for the organization of the United States government and for the. Both chambers had a Pro-Administration majority.
Contents |
Major events
Main articles: 1789 Year 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar), 1790 Year 1790 was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar), and 1791 Year 1791 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar)- April 1, 1789: House of Representatives first achieved a quorum and elected its officers
- April 6, 1789: Senate first achieved a quorum and elected its officers
- April 30, 1789: George Washington George Washington served as the first constitutional President of the United States from 1789 to 1797, and as the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783. His role in the revolution and subsequent independence and formation of the United States was significant, and is seen by Americans as the " was inaugurated An inauguration is a formal ceremony to mark the beginning of a leader's term of office. An example is the ceremony in which the President of the United States officially takes the oath of office at Federal Hall Federal Hall, located at 26 Wall Street in New York City, was the first capitol of the United States of America and the site of George Washington's inauguration as the first President of the United States on April 30, 1789. It is also the place where the United States Bill of Rights was passed. The original building was demolished in the in New York City New York is the most populous city in the United States, and the center of the New York metropolitan area, which is one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. A leading global city, New York exerts a powerful influence over global commerce, finance, media, culture, art, fashion, research, education, and entertainment. As host of the
- January 8, 1790: President Washington gave the first State of the Union Address The State of the Union is an annual address presented by the President of the United States to the United States Congress. The address not only reports on the condition of the nation but also allows the president to outline his legislative agenda and national priorities to Congress
- March 1, 1790: First United States census The United States Census is a decennial census mandated by the United States Constitution. The population is enumerated every 10 years and the results are used to allocate Congressional seats , electoral votes, and government program funding. Some states or local jurisdictions also conduct local censuses was authorized
- April 10, 1790: Patent system was established
- April 17, 1790: Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for died
- June 20, 1790: Compromise of 1790 The Compromise of 1790 was the first of three great political compromisesa made in the United States by the Northern and Southern states, occurring every thirty years, in an attempt to keep the Union together and prevent civil war: Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton come to an agreement: Madison agrees to not be "strenuous" in opposition for the assumption of state debts by the federal government; Hamilton agrees to support the capital site being above the Potomac.
Major legislation
Main article: List of United States federal legislation#1st United States Congress At the federal level in the United States, legislation consists exclusively of Acts passed by the Congress of the United States (and its predecessor, the Continental Congress), that were either signed into law by the President or subsequently passed by Congress after a presidential vetoSession 1
- June 1, 1789: An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths, ch. 1, 1 Stat. The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat. are the official source for the laws and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress. They are also commonly called session laws since they are compiled from slip laws at the end of a Congressional session. They are part of a 23
- July 4, 1789: Hamilton Tariff The Hamilton Tariff was the second statute ever enacted by the new federal government of the United States. Most of the rates of the tariff were between 5 and 10 percent, depending on the value of the item, ch. 2, 1 Stat. The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat. are the official source for the laws and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress. They are also commonly called session laws since they are compiled from slip laws at the end of a Congressional session. They are part of a 24
- July 27, 1789: United States Department of State The United States Department of State , is the United States federal executive department responsible for international relations of the United States, equivalent to the foreign ministries of other countries. The Department was created in 1789 and was the first executive department established, was established, originally named the Department of Foreign Affairs, ch. 4, 1 Stat. The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat. are the official source for the laws and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress. They are also commonly called session laws since they are compiled from slip laws at the end of a Congressional session. They are part of a 28.
- August 7, 1789: Department of War The United States Department of War, also called the War Office, was the cabinet department originally responsible for the operation and maintenance of the US Army. It was also responsible for naval affairs until the establishment of the Navy Department in 1798, and for land-based air forces until the creation of the Department of the Air Force in was established, ch. 7, 1 Stat. The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat. are the official source for the laws and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress. They are also commonly called session laws since they are compiled from slip laws at the end of a Congressional session. They are part of a 49.
- September 2, 1789: United States Department of the Treasury The Department of the Treasury is an executive department and the treasury of the United States federal government. It was established by an Act of Congress in 1789 to manage government revenue. The Department is administered by the Secretary of the Treasury, who is a member of the Cabinet was established, ch. 12, 1 Stat. The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat. are the official source for the laws and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress. They are also commonly called session laws since they are compiled from slip laws at the end of a Congressional session. They are part of a 65
- September 24, 1789: Judiciary Act of 1789 The United States Judiciary Act of 1789 was a landmark statute adopted on September 24, 1789 in the first session of the First United States Congress establishing the U.S. federal judiciary. Article III, section 1 of the Constitution prescribed that the "judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court," and such, ch. 20, which created:
- § 1: Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States, and leads the federal judiciary. It consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate Justices, who are nominated by the President and confirmed with the "advice and consent" of the Senate. Once appointed, Justices effectively, 1 Stat. The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat. are the official source for the laws and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress. They are also commonly called session laws since they are compiled from slip laws at the end of a Congressional session. They are part of a 73
- § 3: District courts The 94 United States district courts are the general trial courts of the United States federal court system. Both civil and criminal cases are filed in the district court, which is a court of law, equity, and admiralty. There is a United States bankruptcy court associated with each United States district court. Each federal judicial district has, 1 Stat. The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat. are the official source for the laws and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress. They are also commonly called session laws since they are compiled from slip laws at the end of a Congressional session. They are part of a 73
- § 4: Circuit courts The United States circuit courts were the original intermediate level courts of the United States federal court system. They were established by the Judiciary Act of 1789. They had trial court jurisdiction over civil suits of diversity jurisdiction and major federal crimes. They also had appellate jurisdiction over the United States district, 1 Stat. The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat. are the official source for the laws and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress. They are also commonly called session laws since they are compiled from slip laws at the end of a Congressional session. They are part of a 73
- § 35: District attorneys In many jurisdictions in the United States, a district attorney is an elected or appointed government official who represents the government in the prosecution of criminal offenses. The district attorney is the highest officeholder in the jurisdiction's legal department and supervises a staff of assistant (ADA) or deputy district attorneys, 1 Stat. The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat. are the official source for the laws and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress. They are also commonly called session laws since they are compiled from slip laws at the end of a Congressional session. They are part of a 92 and Attorney General The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement officer of the United States government. The Attorney General is considered to be the chief lawyer of the U.S. government. The Attorney General serves as a member of the President's Cabinet, but is, 1 Stat. The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat. are the official source for the laws and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress. They are also commonly called session laws since they are compiled from slip laws at the end of a Congressional session. They are part of a 93
Session 2
- March 1, 1790: Made provisions for the first Census The United States Census of 1790 was the first Census conducted in the United States. It was conducted on August 2, 1790. It showed that 3,929,326 people were living in the United States of which 697,681 were slaves, and that the largest cities were New York City with 33,000 inhabitants; Philadelphia, with 28,000; Boston, with 18,000; Charleston,, ch. 2, 1 Stat. The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat. are the official source for the laws and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress. They are also commonly called session laws since they are compiled from slip laws at the end of a Congressional session. They are part of a 101
- March 26, 1790: Naturalization Act of 1790 The original United States Naturalization Law of March 26, 1790 provided the first rules to be followed by the United States in the granting of national citizenship. This law limited naturalization to aliens who were "free white persons" and thus left out indentured servants, slaves, free blacks, and later Asians. This was the only, ch. 3, 1 Stat. The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat. are the official source for the laws and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress. They are also commonly called session laws since they are compiled from slip laws at the end of a Congressional session. They are part of a 103
- April 10, 1790: Patent Act of 1790 The Patent Act of 1790 was the United States' first patent statute. It was entitled An Act to promote the progress of useful Arts, and passed on April 10, 1790. It granted the applicant the "sole and exclusive right and liberty of making, constructing, using and vending to others to be used" of his invention, for a period of fourteen, ch. 7, 1 Stat. The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat. are the official source for the laws and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress. They are also commonly called session laws since they are compiled from slip laws at the end of a Congressional session. They are part of a 109
- May 31, 1790: Copyright Act of 1790, ch. 15, 1 Stat. The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat. are the official source for the laws and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress. They are also commonly called session laws since they are compiled from slip laws at the end of a Congressional session. They are part of a 124
- July 6, 1790: Residence Act The Residence Act of 1790, officially titled An Act for establishing the temporary and permanent seat of the Government of the United States, is the United States federal law that settled the question of locating the capital of the United States, selecting a site along the Potomac River. The federal government was located in New York City at the, ch. 28, 1 Stat. 130, established Washington, D.C. as the seat of government of the United States.
- July 22, 1790: Indian Intercourse Act of 1790, ch. 33, 1 Stat. 137, regulated commerce with the Indian tribes.
Session 3
- February 25, 1791: First Bank of the United States, ch. 10, 1 Stat. 191
- March 3, 1791: Whiskey Act, ch. 15, 1 Stat. 199, which triggered the Whiskey Rebellion
Constitutional amendments
- September 25, 1789: Twelve proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution were passed and sent to the states for ratification. 1 Stat. 97. Ten were ratified as "The Bill of Rights," and one was ratified two centuries later as the 27th Amendment.
States admitted and territories organized
- November 21, 1789: North Carolina ratified the United States Constitution and became the 12th state
- May 26, 1790: Territory South of the River Ohio organized from land ceded by North Carolina
- May 29, 1790: Rhode Island ratified the United States Constitution and became the 13th state
- March 4, 1791: Vermont admitted to the Union as the 14th state, 1 Stat. 191
Party summary
Federal Hall (2006) Statue of George Washington in front of Federal Hall, where he was first inaugurated as President.There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.[1]
Details on changes are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
| Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pro-Administration | Anti-Administration | Vacant | ||
| Begin | 14 | 7 | 21 | 1 |
| End | 18 | 8 | 26 | 0 |
| Final voting share | 69.2% | 30.8% | ||
| Beginning of the next Congress | 15 | 13 | 28 | 2 |
House of Representatives
| Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pro-Administration | Anti-Administration | Vacant | ||
| Begin | 34 | 25 | 59 | 0 |
| End | 36 | 28 | 64 | 1 |
| Final voting share | 56.25% | 43.75% | ||
| Beginning of the next Congress | 39 | 29 | 68 | 1 |
Leadership
Senate
- President: John Adams (P)
- President pro tempore: John Langdon (P)
House of Representatives
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, all Senators were newly elected, and Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1790; Class 2 meant their term ended with the next Congress, requiring reelection in 1792; and Class 3 meant their term lasted through the next two Congresses, requiring reelection in 1794.
Connecticut
Delaware
Georgia
Maryland
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
|
North Carolina
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Virginia
|
President of the Senate John Adams President pro tempore John Langdon |
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are listed by their districts.
See also: United States House of Representatives elections, 1789Changes in membership
There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.[1]
New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island, were the last states to ratify the U.S. Constitution, and because of their late ratification, were unable to send full representation at the beginning of this Congress. Five Senators and nine Representatives were subsequently seated from these states during the sessions as noted.
Senate
See also: List of special elections to the United States SenateThere was 1 resignation, 1 death, 1 replacement of a temporary appointee, and 5 new seats. The Anti-Administration Senators picked up a 1 seat net gain and the Pro-Administration Senators picked up 4 seats.
| State | Vacator | Reason for Vacancy | Successor | Date of Successor's Installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New York (class 3) | New seats | State legislature failed to pick Senator until after Congress began. | Rufus King (P) | Elected July 16, 1789 |
| North Carolina (class 3) | North Carolina ratified the constitution on November 21, 1789. | Benjamin Hawkins (P) | Elected November 27, 1789 | |
| North Carolina (class 2) | Samuel Johnston (P) | |||
| Virginia (class 1) | William Grayson (A) | Died March 12, 1790. | John Walker (P) | Appointed March 31, 1790 |
| Rhode Island (class 1) | New seats | Rhode Island ratified the constitution on May 29, 1790. | Theodore Foster (P) | Elected June 7, 1790 |
| Rhode Island (class 2) | Joseph Stanton, Jr. (A) | |||
| Virginia (class 1) | John Walker (P) | James Monroe was elected to the seat of Senator William Grayson. | James Monroe (A) | Elected November 9, 1790 |
| New Jersey (class 2) | William Paterson (P) | Resigned November 13, 1790, having been elected Governor of New Jersey. | Philemon Dickinson (P) | Elected November 23, 1790 |
House of Representatives
See also: List of special elections to the United States House of RepresentativesThere was 1 resignation, 1 death, and 6 new seats. Anti-Administration members picked up 3 seats and Pro-Administration members picked up 2 seats.
| District | Vacator | Reason for Vacancy | Successor | Date of successor's taking office |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| North Carolina 1st | New seats | North Carolina ratified the constitution on November 21, 1789. | John Baptista Ashe (A) | March 24, 1790 |
| North Carolina 2nd | Hugh Williamson (A) | March 19, 1790 | ||
| North Carolina 3rd | Timothy Bloodworth (A) | April 6, 1790 | ||
| North Carolina 4th | John Steele (P) | April 19, 1790 | ||
| North Carolina 5th | John Sevier (P) | June 16, 1790 | ||
| Rhode Island At-large | New seat | Rhode Island ratified the constitution on May 29, 1790. | Benjamin Bourne (P) | December 17, 1790 |
| Virginia 9th | Theodorick Bland (A) | Died June 1, 1790. | William B. Giles (A) | December 7, 1790 |
| Massachusetts 5th | George Partridge (P) | Resigned August 14, 1790. | Remained vacant until next Congress | |
Employees
Senate
- Secretary: Samuel A. Otis of Massachusetts, elected April 8, 1789
- Doorkeeper: James Mathers of New York, elected April 7, 1789
- Chaplain:
- Samuel Provoost, Episcopalian, elected April 25, 1789
- William White, Episcopalian, elected December 9, 1790
House of Representatives
- Clerk: John J. Beckley of Virginia
- Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton of Rhode Island
- Doorkeeper: Gifford Dalley
- Chaplain:
- William Linn, Presbyterian, elected May 1, 1789
- Samuel Blair, Presbyterian, elected January 4, 1790
References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
| Wikisource has original text related to this article: Public Acts of the 1st United States Congress |
| Wikisource has original text related to this article: Private Acts of the 1st United States Congress |
- 1st Federal Congress Project
- Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- House History from the U.S. House of Representatives
- Statistics & Lists from the U.S. Senate
Categories: 1st United States Congress
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In related development---. Turkish President Abdullah Gul called Vakit "the . first. paper he reads every morning." Vakit journalists, are often invited to accompany Erdogan in his presidential plane on state visits overseas. ... i am disgusted by how OWNED my country, the . US. , my . congress. , my politicians, are by israel and the wealthy elite neocons they spout utter moral hypocrisy supposedly the world's "beacon" for democracy, freedom, free markets, and the rule of law ...
Should all states recognize gay marriages that were preformed in states that gay marriage is legal?
Q. The United States Constitution Article IV - The States Section 1 - Each State to Honor all others Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.
Asked by Mr. Wolf - Wed Dec 23 19:57:33 2009 - - 13 Answers - 0 Comments
A. Yes. I actually don't understand what all the fuss is about anyhow. If two men want to make living as a couple together legal I think "Let them" The only place there has been a problem with it is with pension and spousal benefit plans because some people want to be discriminatory over payouts even though the gays have to pay just as much into the plans whether they are married or not. The religion noise is just noise. I am not gay, but I still think what these Christians are doing to hurt the gays is simply evil.
Answered by NBCTurkee - Wed Dec 23 20:05:40 2009
Q. The United States Constitution Article IV - The States Section 1 - Each State to Honor all others Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.
Asked by Mr. Wolf - Wed Dec 23 19:57:33 2009 - - 13 Answers - 0 Comments
A. Yes. I actually don't understand what all the fuss is about anyhow. If two men want to make living as a couple together legal I think "Let them" The only place there has been a problem with it is with pension and spousal benefit plans because some people want to be discriminatory over payouts even though the gays have to pay just as much into the plans whether they are married or not. The religion noise is just noise. I am not gay, but I still think what these Christians are doing to hurt the gays is simply evil.
Answered by NBCTurkee - Wed Dec 23 20:05:40 2009
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